Cognitive Control in Children of SUD Parents: A Longitudinal Multimodal MRI Study (2)

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both economic and racial/ethnic disparities have been dramaticallyon display, with life and death consequences. COVID-19 serves as a deadly wake-up call regarding the needto better understand how existing social, economic and health disparities are compounded in their consequenceson disadvantaged communities in the wake of disaster, in this case, a deadly pandemic. If we are to developimproved preparations for responding to future epidemics, it is especially important to understand how COVID-19 is affecting substance use (SU) and mental health (MH) across different racial/ethnic communities. Therefore,this Stress and COVID-19 (S&C) Study is designed to address such questions by expanding an ongoing study,which immediately entered the field and is recruiting a random selection of participants from four ongoing,longitudinal epidemiologic studies examining the impact of different types of trauma and stress in the York Citymetropolitan area, epicenter of COVID-19. Taken together, these studies encompass a broad range of SES andracial/ethnic diversity (49% minority; 51% white), with the participants thoroughly characterized in multiple wavesof data during key stressors, traumas, as well as thorough diagnostic assessments of SU and MH. The first waveof the proposed S&C Study, which was initiated in mid-March 2020 to capture early indicators, is interviewing,via telephone, a random selection (n=1,000) of participants drawn from four ongoing studies (N=6,178) includingthe Parent Grant study which is focused on a (98%) minority population, and assessing the multifaceted impactsthat COVID is CURRENTLY having, especially on SU and MH behaviors, expecting a sample of N=800.This Supplement is requested to support the follow-up phase, which will consist of two additional waves of datacollection, at six and nine months after the conclusion of the first wave (months 1-3) and analysis of all waves ofdata. This Supplement will allow for a longitudinal trajectory analysis of the COVID-19 impact on SU and MHoutcomes. Importantly, this S&C Study design also allows for the utilization of 2-4 waves of detailed pre-COVID-19 data on each subject, including SU and MH behaviors and diagnoses, and a wide range of important riskfactors for post-COVID outcomes. Thus, this Supplement will support the investigation of which factors predictCOVID-driven trajectories of SU and MH outcomes, as well as other COVID-driven life changes. The cohortsbeing combined for this study were originally chosen for their unique exposures to different forms of childhoodtrauma: including disaster (9/11), parental involvement with the criminal justice system and parental SUD., Thus,this proposed study will help us determine how prior trauma impacts subsequent COVID-19 behaviors, especiallySU and MH across different exposures and across disparate racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Takentogether, the design features of this proposed study represent a unique opportunity to examine how pre-existingand current disparities are contributing to COVID-19 outcome disparities in SU and MH burden.