Investigation of Individuals' Attitudes Towards False Information and the Determinants of These Attitudes for Effective Fight Against "Infodemia": The Case of COVID-19

Within the scope of the project, it is aimed to analyze the risk perceptions of individuals aged 65 and over in Turkey as fragile publics in the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that shape these perceptions, especially considering the role of communication processes. First of all, according to the results obtained, false information content is not very common in social media, 5% of the news sources examined contain false news, and this content also changes according to the period. As a result of in-depth interviews, it was revealed that when individuals spread false information, they do so with good intentions rather than bad intentions (disinformation). According to quantitative research, false information about COVID-19 prevents individuals from complying with the measures taken and even being vaccinated. In general, belief in conspiracy theories, belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, and cognitive capacities of individuals lead to more misinformation. It is seen that distrust of institutions also triggers misinformation. Conducting awareness campaigns for women, the elderly and young people on infodemic will prevent the health problems caused by this issue. It is also recommended to provide critical thinking and media literacy education in the society, especially among vulnerable groups. As the study shows, public belief in conspiracy theories constitutes an important key, so it is recommended to be informed about conspiracy theories in general. Additionally, the support and promotion of verification bodies should be prioritized.