Improving Food Security to Increase Resiliency to COVID-19 for Latinx Populations (2020-2021)

Background The coronavirus has had a disproportionate impact on the Latinx community. In Durham County, Latinx people make up 14% of the population but 67% of new confirmed coronavirus cases (as of June 2020). Many factors contribute to this disparity, including preexisting health conditions, occupations and cultural barriers. For example, the 2017 Durham Community Health Assessment reported that Hispanic/Latino patients were admitted to the emergency department for respiratory complications at twice the rate of non-Hispanic white patients. Latinx people also have higher rates of chronic diseases like diabetes and obesity, rendering them more susceptible to COVID-19 complications. In Durham, those who work in construction and custodial services are more likely to test positive for coronavirus, and Latinx people make up 91% of cases associated with construction work. Importantly, Latinx households also experience food insecurity at higher rates than white households and are often overlooked when it comes to public health interventions. This exacerbates health disparities and has compounded the ability of the Latinx community to maintain social distancing practices and secure personal protective equipment. Project Description This project team will bring together stakeholders from the healthcare, food, environmental and racial justice spaces to develop interventions that address food security in the Latinx community and encompass multifaceted aspects of patient health that expand beyond the current medical, in-clinic perspective. In particular, team members will investigate: How the pandemic is affecting the food security of Latinx residents, with additional consideration of how environmental public health factors contribute to this population's risk for COVID-19 infection How the incorporation of fresh, local foods may mitigate these effects How food insecurity manifests differently in other countries experiencing this pandemic and what we can learn from the global response The team will work with Root Causes, a Duke Medicine student-led initiative focused on healing the food system through education and outreach, community service and advocacy. Root Causes' Fresh Produce Program provides fresh produce and food education materials to patients experiencing food insecurity in Durham. Previously provided through the Duke Outpatient Clinic, Root Causes has shifted to a no-contact home delivery model since the start of the pandemic. Biweekly deliveries include fresh food, masks, household essentials and educational materials. Partnering with Lincoln Community Health Center, El Centro Hispano and Duke Healthy Lifestyles, this team will expand Root Causes' Fresh Produce Program to 100 high-need Latinx families and use regular surveys and deidentified medical records to assess the impact of the service on patient health and literacy related to the coronavirus. Team members will also conduct a literature review and a comparative study of food redistribution organizations (e.g., food security organizations in Nicaragua), and complete interviews to identify local and global best practices in addressing food insecurity as part of the response to the pandemic, with a particular focus on strategies for supporting Latinx and immigrant communities. The team's findings will inform improvements to the Fresh Produce Program. Anticipated Outputs Comparative analysis and report identifying best practices for food system responses to the pandemic; expansion of food delivery and coronavirus educational materials to 100 Latinx households in Durham; survey and data analysis of connection between food security and health outcomes