Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
- Funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Total publications:1 publications
Grant number: 1R21AI169558-01A1
Grant search
Key facts
Disease
Zika virus disease, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic feverStart & end year
20232025Known Financial Commitments (USD)
$246,000Funder
National Institutes of Health (NIH)Principal Investigator
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Don GammonResearch Location
United States of AmericaLead Research Institution
UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTERResearch Priority Alignment
N/A
Research Category
Animal and environmental research and research on diseases vectors
Research Subcategory
Animal source and routes of transmission
Special Interest Tags
Innovation
Study Type
Non-Clinical
Clinical Trial Details
N/A
Broad Policy Alignment
Pending
Age Group
Not Applicable
Vulnerable Population
Not applicable
Occupations of Interest
Not applicable
Abstract
ProjectÃ' SummaryÃ' Ã' BatsÃ' areÃ' importantÃ' reservoirsÃ' forÃ' diverseÃ' viralÃ' pathogensÃ' affectingÃ' humans.Ã' However,Ã' weÃ' haveÃ' aÃ' poorÃ' understandingÃ' ofÃ' theÃ' keyÃ' batÃ' innateÃ' immunityÃ' factorsÃ' thatÃ' restrictÃ' virusÃ' replication.Ã' FunctionalÃ' assaysÃ' thatÃ' canÃ' identifyÃ' batÃ' factorsÃ' thatÃ' areÃ' trulyÃ' relevantÃ' toÃ' combatingÃ' virusesÃ' areÃ' neededÃ' toÃ' understandÃ' theÃ' innateÃ' immuneÃ' mechanismsÃ' thatÃ' ultimatelyÃ' defineÃ' batÃ' susceptibilityÃ' toÃ' viralÃ' infection.Ã' WhileÃ' historicallyÃ' suchÃ' functionalÃ' screensÃ' haveÃ' reliedÃ' onÃ' genome-Ã'ÂwideÃ' genomicÃ' editingÃ' (e.g.Ã' CRISPR-Ã'ÂCas9)-Ã'ÂÃ' orÃ' RNAÃ' interferenceÃ' (RNAi)-Ã'ÂbasedÃ' techniques,Ã' suchÃ' platformsÃ' areÃ' unavailableÃ' forÃ' mostÃ' batÃ' species.Ã' Thus,Ã' newÃ' methodsÃ' forÃ' uncoveringÃ' functionally-Ã' relevantÃ' componentsÃ' ofÃ' theÃ' batÃ' immuneÃ' responseÃ' toÃ' virusÃ' infectionÃ' areÃ' needed.Ã' ToÃ' addressÃ' thisÃ' need,Ã' weÃ' haveÃ' developedÃ' anÃ' innovativeÃ' arbovirusÃ' "rescue"Ã' assayÃ' whereinÃ' immuneÃ' evasionÃ' proteinsÃ' (IEPs)Ã' encodedÃ' byÃ' mammalianÃ' pathogensÃ' canÃ' beÃ' expressedÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cellsÃ' andÃ' oneÃ' canÃ' assayÃ' forÃ' changesÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cellÃ' susceptibilityÃ' toÃ' arbovirusÃ' infection.Ã' EnhancementÃ' ofÃ' arbovirusÃ' replicationÃ' afterÃ' expressionÃ' ofÃ' aÃ' candidateÃ' IEPÃ' indicatesÃ' thatÃ' theÃ' IEPÃ' likelyÃ' inhibitsÃ' batÃ' immunityÃ' mechanismsÃ' thatÃ' normallyÃ' restrictÃ' arbovirusÃ' replication.Ã' UsingÃ' theseÃ' IEPsÃ' asÃ' "tools",Ã' oneÃ' canÃ' thenÃ' identifyÃ' theÃ' batÃ' immunityÃ' factorsÃ' theseÃ' IEPsÃ' target.Ã' Thus,Ã' thisÃ' screeningÃ' methodologyÃ' providesÃ' aÃ' mechanismÃ' toÃ' bothÃ' identifyÃ' novelÃ' IEPsÃ' andÃ' functionally-Ã'ÂrelevantÃ' componentsÃ' ofÃ' theÃ' batÃ' immuneÃ' response.Ã' ToÃ' discoverÃ' IEPsÃ' thatÃ' promoteÃ' arbovirusÃ' replicationÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cells,Ã' weÃ' willÃ' screenÃ' anÃ' expressionÃ' libraryÃ' encodingÃ' ~200Ã' bacterialÃ' effectorÃ' proteins.Ã' BacterialÃ' effectorsÃ' areÃ' proteinsÃ' secretedÃ' byÃ' pathogenicÃ' bacteriaÃ' intoÃ' eukaryoticÃ' hostsÃ' cellsÃ' thatÃ' modulateÃ' orÃ' inhibitÃ' variousÃ' eukaryoticÃ' cellularÃ' processesÃ' toÃ' promoteÃ' bacterialÃ' replication.Ã' ManyÃ' bacterialÃ' pathogensÃ' thatÃ' replicateÃ' inÃ' theÃ' cytoplasmÃ' ofÃ' eukaryoticÃ' hostÃ' cellsÃ' encodeÃ' effectorsÃ' thatÃ' functionÃ' asÃ' IEPs.Ã' Thus,Ã' weÃ' hypothesizeÃ' thatÃ' someÃ' effectorsÃ' mayÃ' suppressÃ' immuneÃ' responsesÃ' thatÃ' restrictÃ' bothÃ' bacteriaÃ' andÃ' cytoplasmicÃ' virusesÃ' suchÃ' asÃ' arboviruses.Ã' Indeed,Ã' ourÃ' initialÃ' screensÃ' haveÃ' identifiedÃ' fourÃ' effectorsÃ' thatÃ' promoteÃ' theÃ' replicationÃ' ofÃ' fourÃ' differentÃ' arbovirusesÃ' whenÃ' expressedÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cells.Ã' WeÃ' haveÃ' characterizedÃ' oneÃ' ofÃ' theseÃ' effectorÃ' screenÃ' "hits"Ã' asÃ' aÃ' novelÃ' ubiquitinÃ' ligaseÃ' thatÃ' targetsÃ' anÃ' uncharacterizedÃ' RingÃ' FingerÃ' (RNF)Ã' Domain-Ã'ÂcontainingÃ' proteinÃ' forÃ' degradationÃ' inÃ' eukaryoticÃ' cells.Ã' Importantly,Ã' RNAiÃ' depletionÃ' ofÃ' thisÃ' RNFÃ' factorÃ' inÃ' humanÃ' andÃ' batÃ' cellsÃ' promotesÃ' arbovirusÃ' replication,Ã' suggestingÃ' thatÃ' itÃ' mayÃ' beÃ' aÃ' novelÃ' componentÃ' ofÃ' humanÃ' andÃ' batÃ' immuneÃ' responses.Ã' TheseÃ' resultsÃ' suggestÃ' thatÃ' weÃ' canÃ' useÃ' bacterialÃ' effectorsÃ' asÃ' toolsÃ' toÃ' bothÃ' inhibit,Ã' andÃ' identify,Ã' functionally-Ã'ÂrelevantÃ' immunityÃ' factorsÃ' inÃ' bats.Ã' OurÃ' studyÃ' hasÃ' theÃ' followingÃ' specificÃ' aims:Ã' 1)Ã' IdentifyÃ' bacterialÃ' effectorÃ' proteinsÃ' thatÃ' promoteÃ' arbovirusÃ' replicationÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cells;þÃ' 2)Ã' IdentifyÃ' batÃ' proteinsÃ' interactingÃ' withÃ' effectorÃ' â€œhitsâ€ÂÃ' fromÃ' ourÃ' arbovirusÃ' rescueÃ' assays;þÃ' andÃ' 3)Ã' DetermineÃ' whichÃ' batÃ' hostÃ' factorsÃ' interactingÃ' withÃ' effectorÃ' proteinÃ' hitsÃ' affectÃ' viralÃ' replication.Ã' OurÃ' long-Ã'ÂtermÃ' goalÃ' isÃ' toÃ' useÃ' thisÃ' modelÃ' systemÃ' toÃ' defineÃ' theÃ' keyÃ' batÃ' innateÃ' immuneÃ' mechanismsÃ' thatÃ' restrictÃ' arbovirusÃ' replication.Ã' Ã' Ã' Ã' Ã' Ã'Â
Publicationslinked via Europe PMC
Last Updated:an hour ago
View all publications at Europe PMC