Using Bacterial Effectors to Uncover Innate Immune Mechanisms Restricting Viral Replication in Bat Cells
- Funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- Total publications:1 publications
Grant number: 1R21AI169558-01A1
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Key facts
Disease
Zika virus disease, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, Rift Valley feverStart & end year
20232025Known Financial Commitments (USD)
$246,000Funder
National Institutes of Health (NIH)Principal Investigator
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR Don GammonResearch Location
United States of AmericaLead Research Institution
UT SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTERResearch Priority Alignment
N/A
Research Category
Animal and environmental research and research on diseases vectorsResearch Subcategory
Animal source and routes of transmissionSpecial Interest Tags
InnovationStudy Type
Non-ClinicalClinical Trial Details
N/ABroad Policy Alignment
PendingAge Group
Not ApplicableVulnerable Population
Not applicableOccupations of Interest
Not applicable
Abstract
ProjectÃ' SummaryÃ' Ã' BatsÃ' areÃ' importantÃ' reservoirsÃ' forÃ' diverseÃ' viralÃ' pathogensÃ' affectingÃ' humans.Ã' However,Ã' weÃ' haveÃ' aÃ' poorÃ' understandingÃ' ofÃ' theÃ' keyÃ' batÃ' innateÃ' immunityÃ' factorsÃ' thatÃ' restrictÃ' virusÃ' replication.Ã' FunctionalÃ' assaysÃ' thatÃ' canÃ' identifyÃ' batÃ' factorsÃ' thatÃ' areÃ' trulyÃ' relevantÃ' toÃ' combatingÃ' virusesÃ' areÃ' neededÃ' toÃ' understandÃ' theÃ' innateÃ' immuneÃ' mechanismsÃ' thatÃ' ultimatelyÃ' defineÃ' batÃ' susceptibilityÃ' toÃ' viralÃ' infection.Ã' WhileÃ' historicallyÃ' suchÃ' functionalÃ' screensÃ' haveÃ' reliedÃ' onÃ' genome-Ã'ÂwideÃ' genomicÃ' editingÃ' (e.g.Ã' CRISPR-Ã'ÂCas9)-Ã'ÂÃ' orÃ' RNAÃ' interferenceÃ' (RNAi)-Ã'ÂbasedÃ' techniques,Ã' suchÃ' platformsÃ' areÃ' unavailableÃ' forÃ' mostÃ' batÃ' species.Ã' Thus,Ã' newÃ' methodsÃ' forÃ' uncoveringÃ' functionally-Ã' relevantÃ' componentsÃ' ofÃ' theÃ' batÃ' immuneÃ' responseÃ' toÃ' virusÃ' infectionÃ' areÃ' needed.Ã' ToÃ' addressÃ' thisÃ' need,Ã' weÃ' haveÃ' developedÃ' anÃ' innovativeÃ' arbovirusÃ' "rescue"Ã' assayÃ' whereinÃ' immuneÃ' evasionÃ' proteinsÃ' (IEPs)Ã' encodedÃ' byÃ' mammalianÃ' pathogensÃ' canÃ' beÃ' expressedÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cellsÃ' andÃ' oneÃ' canÃ' assayÃ' forÃ' changesÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cellÃ' susceptibilityÃ' toÃ' arbovirusÃ' infection.Ã' EnhancementÃ' ofÃ' arbovirusÃ' replicationÃ' afterÃ' expressionÃ' ofÃ' aÃ' candidateÃ' IEPÃ' indicatesÃ' thatÃ' theÃ' IEPÃ' likelyÃ' inhibitsÃ' batÃ' immunityÃ' mechanismsÃ' thatÃ' normallyÃ' restrictÃ' arbovirusÃ' replication.Ã' UsingÃ' theseÃ' IEPsÃ' asÃ' "tools",Ã' oneÃ' canÃ' thenÃ' identifyÃ' theÃ' batÃ' immunityÃ' factorsÃ' theseÃ' IEPsÃ' target.Ã' Thus,Ã' thisÃ' screeningÃ' methodologyÃ' providesÃ' aÃ' mechanismÃ' toÃ' bothÃ' identifyÃ' novelÃ' IEPsÃ' andÃ' functionally-Ã'ÂrelevantÃ' componentsÃ' ofÃ' theÃ' batÃ' immuneÃ' response.Ã' ToÃ' discoverÃ' IEPsÃ' thatÃ' promoteÃ' arbovirusÃ' replicationÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cells,Ã' weÃ' willÃ' screenÃ' anÃ' expressionÃ' libraryÃ' encodingÃ' ~200Ã' bacterialÃ' effectorÃ' proteins.Ã' BacterialÃ' effectorsÃ' areÃ' proteinsÃ' secretedÃ' byÃ' pathogenicÃ' bacteriaÃ' intoÃ' eukaryoticÃ' hostsÃ' cellsÃ' thatÃ' modulateÃ' orÃ' inhibitÃ' variousÃ' eukaryoticÃ' cellularÃ' processesÃ' toÃ' promoteÃ' bacterialÃ' replication.Ã' ManyÃ' bacterialÃ' pathogensÃ' thatÃ' replicateÃ' inÃ' theÃ' cytoplasmÃ' ofÃ' eukaryoticÃ' hostÃ' cellsÃ' encodeÃ' effectorsÃ' thatÃ' functionÃ' asÃ' IEPs.Ã' Thus,Ã' weÃ' hypothesizeÃ' thatÃ' someÃ' effectorsÃ' mayÃ' suppressÃ' immuneÃ' responsesÃ' thatÃ' restrictÃ' bothÃ' bacteriaÃ' andÃ' cytoplasmicÃ' virusesÃ' suchÃ' asÃ' arboviruses.Ã' Indeed,Ã' ourÃ' initialÃ' screensÃ' haveÃ' identifiedÃ' fourÃ' effectorsÃ' thatÃ' promoteÃ' theÃ' replicationÃ' ofÃ' fourÃ' differentÃ' arbovirusesÃ' whenÃ' expressedÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cells.Ã' WeÃ' haveÃ' characterizedÃ' oneÃ' ofÃ' theseÃ' effectorÃ' screenÃ' "hits"Ã' asÃ' aÃ' novelÃ' ubiquitinÃ' ligaseÃ' thatÃ' targetsÃ' anÃ' uncharacterizedÃ' RingÃ' FingerÃ' (RNF)Ã' Domain-Ã'ÂcontainingÃ' proteinÃ' forÃ' degradationÃ' inÃ' eukaryoticÃ' cells.Ã' Importantly,Ã' RNAiÃ' depletionÃ' ofÃ' thisÃ' RNFÃ' factorÃ' inÃ' humanÃ' andÃ' batÃ' cellsÃ' promotesÃ' arbovirusÃ' replication,Ã' suggestingÃ' thatÃ' itÃ' mayÃ' beÃ' aÃ' novelÃ' componentÃ' ofÃ' humanÃ' andÃ' batÃ' immuneÃ' responses.Ã' TheseÃ' resultsÃ' suggestÃ' thatÃ' weÃ' canÃ' useÃ' bacterialÃ' effectorsÃ' asÃ' toolsÃ' toÃ' bothÃ' inhibit,Ã' andÃ' identify,Ã' functionally-Ã'ÂrelevantÃ' immunityÃ' factorsÃ' inÃ' bats.Ã' OurÃ' studyÃ' hasÃ' theÃ' followingÃ' specificÃ' aims:Ã' 1)Ã' IdentifyÃ' bacterialÃ' effectorÃ' proteinsÃ' thatÃ' promoteÃ' arbovirusÃ' replicationÃ' inÃ' batÃ' cells;þÃ' 2)Ã' IdentifyÃ' batÃ' proteinsÃ' interactingÃ' withÃ' effectorÃ' â€œhitsâ€ÂÃ' fromÃ' ourÃ' arbovirusÃ' rescueÃ' assays;þÃ' andÃ' 3)Ã' DetermineÃ' whichÃ' batÃ' hostÃ' factorsÃ' interactingÃ' withÃ' effectorÃ' proteinÃ' hitsÃ' affectÃ' viralÃ' replication.Ã' OurÃ' long-Ã'ÂtermÃ' goalÃ' isÃ' toÃ' useÃ' thisÃ' modelÃ' systemÃ' toÃ' defineÃ' theÃ' keyÃ' batÃ' innateÃ' immuneÃ' mechanismsÃ' thatÃ' restrictÃ' arbovirusÃ' replication.Ã' Ã' Ã' Ã' Ã' Ã'Â
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