Assessing mpox virus susceptibility, transmission, host immune responses, and virus evolution in key Canadian livestock species

The current outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) virus has resulted in over 85,000 cases globally, and 1400 in Canada. Public health measures and vaccination have limited the spread of mpox in Canada. Concerns about future outbreaks remain, as cases continue to be reported. At present, multiple rodent and squirrel species have been identified in endemic countries as viral reservoirs. Therefore, each new case of mpox in Canada poses a risk that the virus may spread to animals and become established in Canada. Currently, it remains unknown whether livestock can be infected and what is the threat posed to the Canadian agriculture sector. A similar situation was seen in cattle in Brazil with vaccinia virus (a related virus). This virus became endemic in cattle in Brazil and has caused significant economic costs due to reduced milk production. Moreover, it was shown that agricultural workers in endemic areas may be infected due to spillback and are unable to work due to quarantine requirements, thereby adding costs to the health system. Thus, there is a risk that mpox could be introduced into agricultural animals within the Canadian livestock sector directly threatening trade, food security, and the health of workers. We will determine the risk of mpox infection in livestock and use the information to develop risk mitigation and control strategies. Specific Aims: 1) Characterize mpox infection in livestock to determine disease manifestations. 2) Evaluate mpox viral replication in animal cell lines 3) Investigate environmental contamination in the agricultural setting and develop protocols that can be implemented in the event of an outbreak Our group has experience in clinical, veterinary, and basic science, specifically in emerging viruses. We are well positioned to carry out this work and our study will be important to determine the risk of mpox infection in livestock. We will coordinate our results with key stakeholders for a rapid response.