Comprehensive Evaluation of Modes of Transmission, Infection Prevention and Control Measures for influenza A(H5N1): A Component Network Meta-Analysis and a Design of an Implementation Science Approach.

Avian influenza is a highly contagious virus that causes illness in wild birds, poultry, cows and people. The influenza A(H5N1) subtype is particularly dangerous and can lead to severe illness and death in humans. The spread of this virus has serious implications for public health, agriculture, and wildlife conservation, especially in rural and workplace settings. Our project will help people who live and work in rural and agricultural communities and public health officials by evaluating steps we can take to prevent infection. We will review existing studies to identify, map and model all the ways this virus spreads to people. Also, using a method called Component Network Meta-Analysis, we will evaluate how different measures, such as personal protective equipment (gloves, face masks, respirators), improved indoor air quality, biosecurity and infection prevention and control practices work alone and together to stop the spread of infection to people. In addition to this, we will develop a strategy for rural and workplace settings to use the prevention measures found in the Component Network Meta-Analysis to prevent and reduce H5N1 virus exposure in people and animals. This involves a needs assessment to understand what people do now to prevent H5N1 virus exposure in high-risk settings and what helps and prevents them from doing those things. We will talk to workers, public health officials, animal health professionals, veterinarians and community members to understand the challenges and opportunities to use these measures and create detailed protocols for prevention strategies. Our research will provide valuable information to people who make decisions about public health and worker safety, health care professionals, and workers. We will develop practical recommendations and guidelines to improve our preparedness and response to influenza A(H5N1) subtype outbreaks. Our goal is to protect the health of both humans and animals to improve public health and safety.