Integrated Surveillance of Hemagglutinin Subtypes in Migratory Birds and Urban Wastewater: A One Health Approach to Influenza Detection and Characterization.

The spread of bird flu poses a significant threat to wildlife and humans. This project will use digital PCR and sequencing to detect and analyze a) Influenza (flu) strains in migratory birds through environmental water samples and b) track Influenza in wastewater facilities and hospitals, addressing gaps in understanding possible virus transmission in northeast Ontario. Focusing on a bird sanctuary in a mid-sized urban city, where species like ducks, geese, and swans gather during and after migration, we aim to monitor the presence of Influenza, including the pathogenic H5, which has public health implications. This approach enables us to track Influenza trends in wildlife and urban environments, providing an understanding of the virus's presence and possible movement. This project hypothesizes that migratory birds may contribute to the spread of Influenza strains in urban environments. By comparing the results from these data sources, we aim to identify potential transmission pathways and assess the risk of spillover events from birds to humans. We have established a multidisciplinary team for Northern Ontario, including Health Sciences North, Health Sciences North Research Institute, Public Health Units, Wastewater Treatment Plants, and Laurentian University. Each partner brings expertise and resources, enhancing our ability to conduct thorough and accurate surveillance. Our collective commitment to improving community preparedness and response to Influenza outbreaks drives this collaborative effort. We aim to improve our understanding of Influenza dynamics in wild and urban settings, identify transmission pathways, and assess spillover risks in our communities. This research will inform public health and help protect human and animal populations from avian Influenza. The insights will guide strategies to prevent outbreaks and enhance public health safety.