Analysis of the host and tissue tropism of the bovine H5N1 milk and impact of lactic acid fermentation on H5N1 infectivity

Highly pathogenic avian avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype (clade 2.3.4.4b) have spread globally in the last 3 years and have led to the deaths of millions of wild birds and poultry. In addition, H5N1 has managed to repeatedly break through the species barrier. In addition to fur farms in Spain and Finland, cats in Poland were also affected after eating raw poultry meat infected with H5N1. Many wild carnivores such as foxes also became infected in Europe and North America by eating sick birds. What is particularly frightening is the thousands of deaths of sea lions and seals on South America's coasts. A total of 46 different mammal species are now known to be affected by H5N1 infections. In many cases, adaptive mutations were detected in the genomes of viruses isolated from these animals. Recent events...