Deciphering Mammary Gland Susceptibility to Influenza A Virus Subtype and Immune Pathways Driving to HPAI H5N1 Pathogenesis

Influenza A viruses, including highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, are known to cause severe disease in humans and animals. Recently, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 was found to infect the mammary glands of dairy cows, causing severe inflammation known as mastitis. The virus was shed in large amounts into the milk, and some farm workers became infected through exposure during milking activities. This project aims to understand how different subtypes of influenza A viruses affect the mammary gland, and why HPAI H5N1 causes more severe inflammation. By identifying the specific immune pathways that lead to tissue damage and mastitis, we hope to uncover new insights into how influenza viruses cause disease outside the lungs. This research could help improve our understanding of viral infections in lactating individuals and lead to better strategies for preventing and treating complications caused by influenza.