Enhancing One Health Strategy in Canada through Policy Evaluation and Framework Development

This research project aims to strengthen how Canada applies the One Health approach; a global strategy that recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and ecosystem health to better prevent and manage health crises. Despite growing international recognition, the integration of One Health principles into Canadian health and public health policies remains limited. To address this gap, we will assess how current policies incorporate One Health and explore how these principles were applied during past pandemics, such as H1N1 and COVID-19. The project invoves three phases: Phase 1 will involve a comprehensive review of Canadian health policies to examine how well they currently reflect One Health principles. This includes identifying strengths and gaps in governance, intersectoral collaboration, and policy implementation. Phase 2 will use the H1N1 and COVID-19 pandemics as case studies to evaluate how human, animal, and environmental health systems worked together during real-world health emergencies. This will include in-depth interviews with over 25 experts, such as policymakers, veterinarians, environmental health professionals, and Indigenous health leaders. Phase 3 will engage a wide range of stakeholders, including but not limited to government officials, public health professionals, and community leaders, to co-develop practical and evidence-based policy recommendations. Through interviews, focus groups, and structured dialogue sessions, the project will generate concrete strategies to improve coordination and readiness across sectors. Ultimately, this research will offer a roadmap for more integrated, inclusive, and effective health policies in Canada, better preparing the country for future health threats.