Ethical Concerns of Vaccine Hesitant Individuals in Canada

Vaccination prevents the spread of disease and helps people live longer and healthier lives. The COVID-19 pandemic helped to highlight how important vaccines can be during times of health crises; however, several issues decreased the level of trust that people have towards scientists, government, and health authorities (Brown et al., 2021; Public Health Agency of Canada [PHAC], 2024; Public Health Ontario [PHO], 2020). The spread of mis/dis information surrounding vaccines contributed to distrust in scientific expertise (PHAC, 2020; PHO, 2020). Trust is closely related to vaccine decision making; when trust is lost in vaccine related providers then it is more likely to be placed in other influences who may oppose vaccination (Larson et al., 2018). Loss of trust in health authorities, scientists, and government is often identified amongst vaccine hesitant individuals and groups (Dubé et al., 2013; Nurmi & Jasskkola, 2023). Understanding the composition of factors that influence vaccine hesitancy, acceptance and the factors that influence vaccine uptake has been identified as a research priority by local, provincial and worldwide public health experts (PHO, 2019; World Health Organization, 2020). The Public Health Agency of Canada has identified strengthening the connection between research and vaccination policy as a priority in the National Immunization Strategy (PHAC, 2024). A large body of research focuses on the behavioral and social drivers of vaccine hesitancy; however, there is a gap in research that explores the ethical concerns of vaccine hesitant individuals (Bussink-Voorend et al., 2022). A strong public health system is needed to support current vaccination programs and prepare for the future (PHAC, 2024). This research provides valuable information on the ethical concerns that vaccine hesitant individuals have that can be used to strengthen the connection between research and vaccination policy.